Monday, December 24, 2012

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(????? M/B ATI Radeon HD3000; ????????? Shader Model 4.0; RAMDAC 400 ???;
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Source: http://forums.ferra.ru/index.php?showtopic=53664

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Sunday, December 23, 2012

Editor's Letter: Looking back

In each issue of Distro, editor-in-chief Tim Stevens publishes a wrap-up of the week in news.

The year of 2012 is drawing to a close and what a 12 months it has been. Google unleashed not one but two amazing Nexus tablets upon the world, plus another great Nexus smartphone. Apple released the thinner and lighter iPhone 5 that its fans have been waiting for and surprised by shipping a thinner and lighter iPad that iOS fans didn't know they wanted -- but have been loving anyway. Microsoft pulled off near-simultaneous launches of Windows 8 and Windows Phone 8 and RIM ... well, RIM gave us something to look forward to in 2013.

Continue reading Editor's Letter: Looking back

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Source: http://www.engadget.com/2012/12/21/editors-letter-looking-back/

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Saturday, December 22, 2012

'Alien-like' skulls unearthed in Mexico

Human skulls deliberately warped into strange, alien-like shapes have been unearthed in a 1,000-year-old cemetery in Mexico, researchers say.

The practice of deforming skulls of children as they grew was common in Central America, and these findings suggest the tradition spread farther north than had been thought, scientists added.

The cemetery was discovered by residents of the small Mexican village of Onavas in 1999 as they were building an irrigation canal. It is the first pre-Hispanic cemetery found in the northern Mexican state of Sonora.

The site, referred to as El Cementerio, contained the remains of 25 human burials. Thirteen of them had deformed skulls, which were elongate and pointy at the back, and five had mutilated teeth. [ See Photos of the 'Alien' Skulls ]

Dental mutilation involves filing or grinding teeth into odd shapes, while cranial deformation involves distorting the normal growth of a child's skull by applying force ? for example, by using cloths to bind wooden boards against their heads.

"Cranial deformation has been used by different societies in the world as a ritual practice, or for distinction of status within a group or to distinguish between social groups," said researcher Cristina Garc?a Moreno, an archaeologist at Arizona State University. "The reason why these individuals at El Cementerio deformed their skulls is still unknown."

"The most common comment I've read from people that see the pictures of cranial deformation has been that they think that those people were 'aliens,'" Garc?a added. "I could say that some say that as a joke, but the interesting thing is that some do think so. Obviously we are talking about human beings, not of aliens."

Of the 25 burials, 17 were children between 5 months and 16 years of age. The high number of children seen at the site could suggest inept cranial deformation killed them due to excessive force against the skull. The children had no signs of disease that caused their deaths.

Although cranial deformation and dental mutilation were common features among the pre-Hispanic populations of Mesoamerica and western Mexico, scientists had not seen either practice in Sonora or the American Southwest, which share a common pre-Hispanic culture. The researchers suggest the people at El Cementerio had been influenced by recent migrants from the south.

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"The most important implication would be to extend the northern boundary of the Mesoamerican influence," Garc?a told LiveScience.

A number of skeletons also were found with earrings, nose rings, bracelets, pendants and necklaces made from seashells and snails from the Gulf of California. One person was buried with a turtle shell on the chest. It remains uncertain why some of these people were buried with ornaments while others were not, or ? another mystery ? why only one of the 25 skeletons was female.

During the next field season, the researchers aim to determine the cemetery's total size and hope to find more burials to get a clearer idea of the society's burial customs. "With new information, we also hope to determine whether there was any interaction between these and Mesoamerican societies ? how it was and when it happened," they said.

Garc?a and her colleagues completed their analysis of the skeletal remains in November. They plan to submit their research to either the journal American Antiquity or the journal Latin American Antiquity.

Editor's Note: This article was updated to correct the spelling of El Cementerio, which had been spelled El Cemeterio.

Follow LiveScience on Twitter @livescience. We're also on Facebook and Google+.

? 2012 LiveScience.com. All rights reserved.

Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/50270582/ns/technology_and_science-science/

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Friday, December 21, 2012

Adults with disabilities help others in need - Winnetka-Glencoe, IL ...

Local teens and adults from Our Place continued their tradition of community service by ?adopting? two families from the New Trier Township holiday program. These families face significant challenges, including unemployment, children with developmental disabilities, parents with health issues and grandparents needing care.

The Our Place participants and their families shopped,wrapped and delivered bags full of presents and gift cards with a value in excess of $3,000 to the two families. ?While the identities of the two adopted families was kept secret, our participants responded very personally to the needs of the children and felt good about helping others,? said Stacia Swan, Program Director.

?Because we are so tied to our local community we welcome the opportunity to give back. This is the third year we have participated in this program as it?s important for our teens and adults to experience the joy of helping others,? said Jane Gallery, parent and Board President.

Our Place supports teens and adults with developmental disabilities so they can live meaningful, productive, socially connected lives in their home community, with vocational, skill building and enrichment programs. Our Place is located in New Trier Township and serves over 50 participants, representing communities from Evanston to Lake Forest, and as far west as Morton Grove and Deerfield.

Additional information is available at www.ourplaceofnewtrier.org.

For more information?please contact William Johnson by email at wjohnson@ourplaceofnewtrier.org.?

Source: http://winnetka.patch.com/blog_posts/adults-with-disabilities-help-others-in-need

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Thursday, December 20, 2012

Nation May Be Focused On Sandy Hook, But Washington Distracted By Fiscal Cliff

Anyone hoping that the Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre might change dynamics in the nation's capital when it comes to the issue of guns met some level of Washington reality on Wednesday.

President Obama held a news conference to announce his response to the Connecticut killings of 26 grade-schoolers and educators, including his naming of Vice President Joe Biden to head a team that will recommend in a month actions that might help prevent future Sandy Hooks.

But when Obama began taking questions, the White House press corps didn't ask about gun violence. Instead, journalists focused on fiscal cliff negotiations. And the president accommodated them with the kind of lengthy, discursive answers he is famous for, which cause many a listener's mind to wander (and perhaps on Wednesday, wonder if the session would end before someone could follow up with a gun violence question).

This did not go unnoticed by some in the mainstream media and others on social media.

Journalists eventually did get around to asking the president follow-up questions about his gun announcement, including ABC News' Jake Tapper, who asked the president a question that has been on many minds, namely, "Where have you been" the past four years on the issue of gun violence?

To which the president essentially said he was busy on other matters, like rescuing the U.S. economy.

Obama's news conference was followed by an appearance by House Speaker John Boehner, advertised by his office as a "media availability." As it turned out, the speaker wasn't all that available.

He stood before the mics and cameras for all of 51 seconds to chide the president for allegedly being unserious in the fiscal cliff negotiations, then disappeared back into his office. Reporters didn't have a chance to ask him about guns.

A group of House Democrats, meanwhile, held a news conference to call on the Republicans who control the House to schedule a vote by Saturday on legislation by Rep. Carolyn McCarthy of New York and Rep. Diana DeGette of Colorado that would ban the sale of high-capacity ammunition magazines.

But there are no signs that a vote will be scheduled for the legislation ? which was drafted months before the Newtown massacre.

In a sign of just how little the prevailing partisan atmosphere has been changed by the Newtown tragedy, DeGette said that since House members returned to work Monday, "in just over 24 hours we've picked up 21 co-sponsors, and we believe we'll have even more by the end of today.

"Sadly, none of those co-sponsors are Republicans, and we have approached many of our Republican friends and colleagues. Some of them say they're thinking about it," said DeGette. "And we hope they think hard about it."

Source: http://ketr.org/post/nation-may-be-focused-sandy-hook-washington-distracted-fiscal-cliff

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Depression Surpasses Asthma as Top Disability Problem among U.S. and Canadian Teens

New data show an increasing contribution of mental and behavioral disorders to deterioration in the health-related quality of life among teens in the U.S. and Canada over the past two decades, and increases elsewhere around the globe


Lonely At The Top Depression has become leading cause of disability burden amongst U.S. and Canadian teens Image: Flickr/mynameisharsha

The recent tragedy in Newtown, Connecticut, perpetrated by 20 year-old Adam Lanza, has intensified the discussion about how mental health is handled and documented in the US. Officials have not provided information about Lanza?s motivation and state of mind, and many are rightfully quick to point out that it is wrong to equate mental illness with the fatal sociopathic actions of a small group of individuals. The conversation about access to mental health care should, however, take into account new data showing an increasing contribution of mental and behavioral disorders to deterioration in the health-related quality of life among teenagers in the US and Canada over the last two decades, and increases elsewhere around the globe.

The estimation of ?years lived with disabilities?, or YLDs, is used as a collective metric to determine how much a particular disorder deprives the population of healthy years of life during a particular window of time. In 2010 just as in 1990, depression ranked as the number two contributor of YLDs, affecting 4% of the global population, eclipsed only by back pain that affected almost 10% of population worldwide. Among 10 to 14 year olds, the top contributor worldwide is iron deficiency. Asthma had been the largest contributor to YLDs for youths in that age range in the US and Canada in 1990, but the study published in The Lancet on Thursday led by researchers at the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington, Seattle showed that in this group depression surpassed asthma to claim the number one spot in 2010. In that group, the collective number of ?years lost to disability? grew from about 140,000 in 1990 to almost 180,000 in 2010, a 30% increase. Notably, global figures for the same age group show that the number of years lost to disability from depression grew from 4.9 million in 1990 to 5.5 million in 2010, a 13% increase as shown in the graphs below.

A question remains as to whether the change in numbers reflects an actual increase in children who develop depression, or better diagnosis, documentation and the way healthcare practitioners and policy makersview mental health now compared with 1990. ?There is a good possibility that the rise in disease burden related to mental health in some regions is due to better diagnosis, at the same time, the magnitude of the rise in some areas should draw policymakers attention, as should the very high level of the burden from mental health problems across regions,? says Mohsen Naghavi, an author of the study and a health expert at IHME.

Whereas depression accounted for the most YLDs among adolescents, the disease burden from anxiety, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the US and Canada of all ages ranked 5, 10 and 18, respectively. By comparison, anxiety, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder ranked 7, 16 and 18, respectively, among the world population of all ages. ?When you are seeing more years lived with disability from depression and anxiety than you are from most injuries, chronic diseases and infectious diseases, then you need to start thinking about addressing them by borrowing from lessons we have learned from those other areas or by innovating new tools,? Naghavi says.

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=da58250d4b030a335dc40037eac6f0f1

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A cosmic holiday ornament, Hubble-style

Dec. 18, 2012 ? 'Tis the season for holiday decorating and tree-trimming. Not to be left out, astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have photographed a festive-looking nearby planetary nebula called NGC 5189. The intricate structure of this bright gaseous nebula resembles a glass-blown holiday ornament with a glowing ribbon entwined.

Planetary nebulae represent the final brief stage in the life of a medium-sized star like our Sun. While consuming the last of the fuel in its core, the dying star expels a large portion of its outer envelope. This material then becomes heated by the radiation from the stellar remnant and radiates, producing glowing clouds of gas that can show complex structures, as the ejection of mass from the star is uneven in both time and direction.

A spectacular example of this beautiful complexity is seen in the bluish lobes of NGC 5189. Most of the nebula is knotty and filamentary in its structure. As a result of the mass-loss process, the planetary nebula has been created with two nested structures, tilted with respect to each other, that expand away from the center in different directions.

This double bipolar or quadrupolar structure could be explained by the presence of a binary companion orbiting the central star and influencing the pattern of mass ejection during its nebula-producing death throes. The remnant of the central star, having lost much of its mass, now lives its final days as a white dwarf. However, there is no visual candidate for the possible companion.

The bright golden ring that twists and tilts through the image is made up of a large collection of radial filaments and cometary knots. These are usually formed by the combined action of photo-ionizing radiation and stellar winds.

This image was taken with Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 on October 8, 2012, in filters tuned to the specific colors of fluorescing sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Broad filters in the visible and near-infrared were used to capture the star colors.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI).

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/wHaoUUW-ChE/121218094212.htm

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Saturday, September 22, 2012

What&#39;s Non-Lethal About Aid to the Syrian Opposition? - By Louisa ...

As pressure increases on western governments to bring an end to the bloodshed in Syria, "non-lethal" assistance has become the promise of the hour. The term is ubiquitous, cropping up in White House press briefings and the European Union's arms embargo on Syria.

Yet despite the pervasive nature of the term, it does not yet have a widely accepted legal definition. Broadly speaking, it is used to describe equipment and intelligence that cannot be directly used to kill. This can encompass anything from helmets and body armor to more facilitative assistance such as encrypted radios and satellite imagery. In practice, the lines between non-lethal equipment and its lethal counterparts are more blurred. In fact, both are required for a soldier to maximize the use of his weapon. As Pieter Wezeman, a senior researcher at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, points out, "a guy with a helmet and a radio is more likely to use his gun effectively because his protection increases his survivability and his radio [improves] his targeting through better communication."

Nevertheless, the distinction between lethal and non-lethal weapons is a crucial one for the governments involved in their supply. According to Wezeman, any move toward arming the rebels would be "very politically sensitive indeed." As Britain's Foreign Secretary William Hague has emphasized, the British position is "not about taking sides." How the move toward assisting the rebels will be seen within the Assad regime's inner chambers is perhaps another story.

To date, the bulk of the formalized non-lethal assistance deliveries to Syria's loosely organised rebel fighting brigades are coming from the United States, Britain, and France. The U.S. State Department has set aside $25 million to supply Syria's opposition with non-lethal assistance, distributing 900 pieces of equipment through its Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations (CSO). The British government has currently set aside ?1.9 million for its own deliveries, distributing these through a slowly expanding network of vetted contacts. The French approach has been slightly different. Focusing instead on targeted areas, Francois Hollande's administration has identified five specific "rebel held" areas within which to concentrate its assistance. These are all within Deir Ezzor, Aleppo, and Idlib, governorates that have faced waves of intense bombardment from regime forces in recent months.

Tracing the passage of western non-lethal assistance is a tricky endeavor. As with the rebel's growing arsenal of weapons, it is often difficult to establish whether a single item was sourced from a British shipment, smuggled across the border, or looted internally from regime stocks. However, several known types of assistance have found their way to Syria through British, U.S., and French efforts: body armor, communications equipment, intelligence support, and satellite imagery.

Emphasizing that arming the Syrian rebels would involve breaching the EU's arms embargo on the country, the British government has focused instead on providing body armor and helmets as part of its assistance package. Hague told the press that this is viewed as "lifesaving protective equipment for civilians to help those carrying out vital work in the crossfire." Similar commitments have also come from the United States and France. Body armor is, of course, a vital part of any soldier's tool kit. For many, this will be the difference between life and death.

One of the most widely documented forms of non-lethal assistance has been communications equipment. This includes encrypted radios, satellite phones, and SIM cards. The United States, Britain, and France have publicly committed to providing such assistance. Although justified on humanitarian grounds -- British assistance can be used to warn civilians of impending regime assaults according to Hague -- these can also be used by rebel brigades to enhance their fighting capabilities. As Wezeman points out: "The rebels have [increasingly] got the kind of firepower they require but then need the means to organize their fighting. This is where [communications] equipment is essential in a military campaign on this level." In the case of Libya, it has been argued that similar efforts to organize rebels with command-and-control equipment played a significant role in enhancing their coordination and fighting capabilities.

Although communications equipment remains sparsely distributed, those who receive it gain an important tool with which to counter extensive regime surveillance and signal-jamming efforts. It also allows brigades to communicate securely across different areas, opening channels that can be used to give prior warning of government attacks.

Another significant avenue for non-lethal support is through intelligence. Syrian opposition officials report that British intelligence officers are stationed in two Cyprus military bases. Here they collect information that is then passed on to rebel commanders. This allows opposition fighters to preempt the regime's movements. It also provides the means to plan surprise attacks, a tactical necessity for fighters so outgunned by the state's extensive arsenal.

According to the Syrian officials, intelligence support has facilitated a number of successful ambushes in Idlib and Saraqib, including an attack on 40 army tanks. The assault on two large columns of government troops as they moved toward Aleppo was well documented when it happened in early August, although the source of the intelligence was not revealed at the time.

The men of the rebel Farouk Brigade, tasked with defending the town of Talbiseh, appear lightly armed in the face of the regime's firepower as they face daily incursions from government forces. But their M16s and worn anti-aircraft guns are aided by more high-tech paraphernalia: high-resolution satellite imagery. Access to recent images of the areas in which they are operating provides a small but significant advantage to the groups who possess them. Not only can they get a better picture of areas they may not be able to easily reach in person, but they also receive prior warning of regime troop build-ups.?

The U.S. Department of Defense is believed to be one source of such images. This would be consistent with previous non-lethal assistance to fighting groups in Libya. In addition, the United States is currently the only country with the technological capacity to conduct regular satellite photography missions over Syria.

The video below illustrates how such non-lethal assistance could be deployed in pursuit of fatal ends. Using a Google satellite map of an area in Hama that appears to have been supplemented with newer maps -- the image on the screen differs from the current version on the Google Maps website -- the rebels are planning an assault on regime-held territory. As apparently evidenced by the flames that engulf their target at the end of the video, this level of accuracy can engender deadly success. Western non-lethal assistance is not solely confined to the battlefield. Governments are also providing software in an attempt to help the rebels circumvent the regime's extensive internet surveillance efforts. This offers an important level of security for the beneficiaries, allowing them to leave their communication channels open. To this end, the U.S. State Department is distributing software as part of its assistance package to the opposition. According to Professor Philip Howard, a fellow at Princeton University's Center for Information Technology Policy, the State Department has been investing in "circumvention tools" for several years now. A range of tools for making internet users anonymous have also been developed by the New America Foundation and the University of Toronto. As well as specific software packages, the United States is already likely to be providing direct satellite link-ups and internet radios. As Professor Howard explains, these are "important tools that make for direct connections to the internet."

Western non-lethal assistance will be of varying significance for different fighting groups in Syria. Although the United States, Great Britain, and France are encouraging greater coordination between countries providing external assistance, the passage of equipment remains slow. It is also sparsely distributed, and British officials admit privately that assistance packages only reach small groups within any given rebel brigade. Furthermore, the equipment's usefulness will vary according to the size and strength of each brigade's arsenal. Tactics are only as strong as the tools that implement them. If a Free Syrian Army foot soldier uses a gun that lacks the key constituent parts to function properly -- a common problem with weapons that have been looted internally -- then command-and-control equipment simply cannot be used to the same effect.

Current levels of assistance are unlikely to hasten the final stage of Syria's bloody crisis. Nor are they expected to increase significantly in the near future as the United States, Great Britain, and France remain committed to solving the conflict through diplomatic means. But as this high diplomacy continues apace, the devastating reality of Syria's war gouges deeper into the collective memory of a nation. Many will be questioning why such grand promises of assistance have done little to avert the unfolding tragedy.

Louisa Loveluck is a freelance journalist specializing in Middle Eastern affairs and a researcher at the International State Crime Initiative. She blogs at leloveluck.wordpress.com.

Source: http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/09/20/whats_non_lethal_about_aid_to_the_syrian_opposition

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Trusted Internet Marketing Business Hosting - Site Home Business ...

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Source: http://studentsite.mrandosciasclass.net/2012/09/20/trusted-internet-marketing-business-hosting-find-a-reputable-world-wide-web-host/

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Monday, September 17, 2012

MASTERVOLT Brings Automotive Hybrid Technology to the Marine ...

Mastervolt, the Dutch-based pioneer of electrical independence, is proud to announce the ongoing development of a new vision for the future, where domestic loads and marine electrical propulsion are all sourced and managed from a single on-board ?power station?.

Although still work in progress, the eventual result will be a design ethos for a complete system based around the ground-breaking GPX, an ultra-compact unit combining a generator, battery charger and inverter hub.?

Mastervolt first launched the GPX concept at the METS marine equipment show in 2010, and the fact that all of a boat?s electrical needs could come from one easily-installed ?box? caught the imagination of yachtsmen and boat builders alike. Since then, and working closely with other leading electrical manufacturers within the Actuant parent company, Mastervolt has greatly advanced the GPX platform to meet the growing needs of electric propulsion.

The result is the GPX-E (the ?E? denoting its e-propulsion credentials). Whilst not yet a final product, this is a design philosophy that allows a boat to be powered purely by an electric motor, yet with enough energy in reserve to also run both the 12/24VDC and the 240VAC domestic systems on board, plus provide power boosts for manoeuvring and the use of thrusters.?

Hybrid technology is now well known within the automotive sector, with cars such as the Toyota Prius parallel hybrid, Chevrolet Volt and Opel Ampera (plug-in full/series hybrids) all proving reliable and popular. With this E-extension to the GPX concept, Mastervolt will be able to make plug-in full series hybrid propulsion available to the general marine leisure market, both power and sail.

Intelligent electronics is a hallmark of Mastervolt via its MasterBus system, and the GPX-E uses these to sense the demands being made on it from the various types of equipment on-board. This sensing switches the current draw between batteries, shore power, and the starting of the generator to provide the ideal power and voltage required. With all the components coming from one supplier, the energy-demand controls are totally attuned to each other.

In a typical application, such as the ONJ-built test boat, the GPX-E feeds a synchronous 400VDC electric motor via two built-in DC-DC converters and a 12kW motor drive. Should the crew wish to cook on the electric hob when underway, the GPX-E will quickly detect the extra loading and fire up the genset on its lowest RPM setting, even though the inverters could probably supply the extra 1kW required. The power drain is then carefully managed, with the generator taking over the bulk of the propulsion, and feeding any excess into the batteries until the hob is switched off.

Should a faster cruising speed be required, then the generator?s fuel supply is cleverly controlled to avoid any black smoke from unburnt fuel as the revs are increased. The generator can also be used as a ?range extender? propelling the vessel for as far as the tank capacity will allow. When a yacht is under sail, the GPX-E is also able to partially recharge from the freewheeling propeller, just as hybrid cars recharge when braking. Once the trip is over, the boat can be reconnected to shorepower, with the GPX-E managing the optimum three-step recharging of the batteries.

Daan Hobbelen, Actuant?s Product Development Manager (Mobile & Marine), is delighted with the extra benefits the GPX-E vision provides. ?This is the first full integrated series hybrid for the marine market, and is a breakthrough for electric vessels of more than 7-metres in length,? he said. ?This is particularly true for sailing yachts, which will often require a genset anyway. This new dedicated GPX system is even more compact than before, which can be placed anywhere on-board, provides silent running and requires only one diesel engine on-board. Because this generator can be smaller than conventional units, being backed up by batteries, the cost ? equivalent to the sum of all the individual components ? will also be cheaper. The real benefit of the advanced power management technology is that these components are all built in to a small-footprint case, which can be housed wherever is convenient.?

Source: http://www.bmea.org/news/2012/mastervolt-brings-automotive-hybrid-technology-to-the-marine-market-with-its-new-gpx-e-series-hybrid-propulsion-concept/

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Subliminal Perception - How it Works - The Self Improvement Blog

By Jonathan Parker, Ph.D. -

What is subliminal perception? Does it really affect your mind and behavior? Subliminal CDs and programs are one of the most recent tools in the self-development field that offers the promise of helping people make dramatic life changes conveniently, inexpensively and with little effort. But, to what degree does subliminal programming work?

Subliminal Perception, A Natural Process?

Perception is the natural, normal way you receive impressions from your environment. Subliminal refers to information that is perceived below the level of conscious awareness. Normally, you pay conscious attention to a very small percentage of information that you experience through our sense and your mind. Try this test: take a moment to focus your attention on the sounds around you and you will discover there are many background noises you normally completely ignore?consciously that is. These sounds probably include traffic noise, machinery, conversations, birds, insects, etc. Nevertheless you are aware of this constant bombardment of stimuli, even though it is perceived below your conscious awareness by your extremely receptive and sensitive subconscious mind.

Interest in subliminal communication first developed shortly after Freud presented his revolutionary idea that we all have a hidden, unconscious mind. One of Freud?s contemporaries, Dr. O. Poetzle, developed and tested theories related to the effect of subliminal stimulation on dream content. In 1917, Poetzle was the first scientist to demonstrate the close relationship between subliminal stimuli and posthypnotic suggestion. His discovery, called the Poetzle Effect, indicates that subliminal perceptions evoke dreams and actions days or weeks after the original perception.

In the last 50 years, many hundreds of carefully controlled scientific studies have been conducted on subliminal perception. An abundance of scientific data resulting from decades of research indicates that subliminal perception does occur and information perceived subliminally does affect the unconscious or subconscious mind. And most importantly, subliminal programming has been shown to be an effective tool for influencing and changing behavior. Controversy over subliminal stimuli arises precisely because it does influence people?s behavior without their conscious awareness.

Subliminal Messages Used in Stores to Reduce Shoplifting?

It was discovered that subliminal messages could be masked in music or other audio programs. An article in TIME magazine in 1979, titled, ?Secret Voices,? reported that nearly 50 department stores in the U.S. and Canada were using subliminal messages in the music systems to reduce shoplifting and employee theft. One East Coast chain was reported to have reduced theft by 37%, amounting to the phenomenal savings of $600,000 over a nine-month period.

A similar story in the WALL STREET JOURNAL in 1980 stated the installation of a subliminal message system in a New Orleans supermarket accounted for a drop in pilferage loss from almost $50,000 per six months to ?the astounding figure of less than $13,000? ? an all time low! Cashier shortages dropped from $125 per week to less than $10 per week. Subliminal messages found to be effective were statements like, ?I take a great deal of pride in being honest. I will not steal. I am honest.?

Scientific Evidence: Subliminal Messages Influence Behavior

Extensive Documentation of Subliminal Perception

In his scholarly work titled ?Preconscious Processing,? Dr. Norman Dixon, a psychologist at University College in London, England, summarizes 748 scholarly research studies on subliminal perception.

Included in Dixon?s authoritative work is a research study by Zuckerman (1960), that revealed a subliminal stimulus can by-pass conscious intent, and that it makes it unlikely a person would resist instructions which are not consciously experienced. Zuckerman required his subjects to write stories around Thematic Apperception Test cards. Superimposed on the ambiguous pictures on the cards were either the subliminal message, ?Write More? or ?Don?t Write.? As long as the instructions were subliminal, these messages had the desired effect. However, as soon as they were able to be perceived consciously, the messages had no consistent effect.

Behavioral Improvements Result from Subliminal Messages?

Dr. Lloyd H. Silverman, a psychologist at New York University, has been at the forefront of subliminal testing for 20 years. His work, with over 40 groups of subjects, has shown significant improvements in behavior after exposure to selected subliminal messages. IN a 1980 study, Silverman incorporated a subliminal message into a treatment of half of a group of smokers trying to quit smoking using behavior modification therapy. One month after treatment ended, 66% of the group exposed to the activating subliminal stimulus were still non-smokers, compared with 13% of the control group. Silverman says the positive effect of subliminal messages has been observed in assertiveness training classes, adolescents receiving psychotherapy, college students in group therapy, alcoholics in Alcoholics Anonymous counseling, and in people undergoing behavior modification for insect phobias and overeating.

Subliminal Messages Improve Academic Performance?

An article in the Journal of Counseling Psychology, Volume 29, 1982, reports on a study by Dr. Kenneth Parker, a psychologist at Queens College in New York. Dr. Parker?s research project was designed to see if subliminal messages can improve academic performance. Sixty students received visual subliminal messages using a light-flashing device called a tachistoscope. Three times a week, before class, the students looked through the eyepiece of the tachistoscope and saw a fast flash of bright light, nothing more. In the four millisecond flash was embedded a single sentence. The class was divided into three groups, each receiving a different message. Two messages were designed to enhance academic performance; the third was a control.

Careful statistical analysis of the results of the subliminal stimulation revealed significant improvement in academic performance. Groups one and two, receiving activating subliminal messages achieved average grades in the range of a high B to low A. Group three, the control, received an average grade in the low B range. In addition, those who received subliminal messaged had higher retention of the learned material after one month than the control group had.

Medical Clinic Uses Subliminal Tapes to Reduce Fainting, Smoking, and Temper Flare Ups?

In 1951, Dr. Hal Becker, a behavioral scientist and former member of the Tulane University Medical Staff, began investigating subliminal processes. Dr. Becker has published dozens of research articles which support the effectiveness of subliminal stimulation. One of Dr. Becker?s investigations, presented in a scientific paper to the Ninth Annual Conference of Computer Medicine in Atlanta in 1979, involved the use of subliminal stress reduction messages incorporated into the sound system at the McDonagh Medical Center in Kansas City, Missouri. A seven-month trial produced dramatic results. Fainting caused by needle pain dropped to nearly zero, smoking in the staff lounge was cut as much as 79%, and the temper flare-ups in the crowded patient waiting room were reduced by nearly 60%. When the subliminal messages were stopped, these problems returned to former levels.

Subliminal Tapes Influence Dramatic Weight Loss?

Becker?s research has shown that the use of subliminal messages can influence weight-loss with astounding results. In Metairie, Louisiana, at Dr. Becker?s weight loss clinic, patients were exposed to videotape and audio cassette subliminal messages as part of a behavior-modification diet plan. One woman lost 100 pounds in one year?s time. In a follow-up study, Becker found that 50% of the patients maintained at lease half their weight loss for up to two years after leaving the subliminal program, while 23% maintained 75% to 100% of their loss. This is a significantly better record than that of diet programs not accompanied by subliminal messages.

Another subliminal stimulation weight-loss study involved two experiments conducted by Silverman, Martin, Ungaro and Mendelsohn (1978) with two groups of overweight women. In addition to traditional diet therapy, half of the subjects received subliminal affirmations and half received neutral subliminal message stimulation. In both experiments, the groups receiving the positive subliminal messages lost more weight than the control groups. The group receiving subliminal affirmations continued to lose weight even after the experiment concluded.

Positive Proof Mind Absorbs Subliminal Information?

In another of Dr. Becker?s controlled tests of subliminal perception, experimental and control groups were asked to guess a three-digit number. The experimental group was exposed to the number subliminally embedded in a hissing sound known as ?pink noise.? In three separate experiments, an average of 77% of those exposed to the subliminal numbers guessed correctly, compared to only 10% of those in the control group (who weren?t exposed to the numbers). This confirms that subliminal messages are perceived at a non-conscious level.

HOW YOU CAN USE SUBLIMINAL PERCEPTION FOR SELF-IMPROVEMENT

Research indicates that subliminal perception takes place when the subconscious portion of the mind is exposed to messages below the level of conscious awareness. Subliminal audio and video recordings are proving to be a safe and effective, easy and convenient, inexpensive and enjoyable way people can bring about profound personal change in their lives.

Programming the Subconscious Mind to Create Your Reality?

Did you know that your mind creates your reality? It?s true. The functioning of the mind can be readily understood when considered in terms of the widely accepted view that the mind has both conscious and subconscious portions. The conscious portion of your mind is rational, logical and analytical. It questions and modifies incoming information from your sense before the information is stored in your subconscious mind.

The subconscious mind is non-analytical and houses the motivating forces that direct your conscious actions, thoughts, and habits. It affects your attitudes, how you feel, and what you do. The beliefs and thoughts you hold in your subconscious mind build and shape every aspect of your life.

In other words, your subconscious is what actually creates your life. This is why it is important to discover how to access the subconscious to remove negative, self-limiting beliefs and replace them with positive, life-enhancing beliefs.

The Secret of Subliminal Recordings

The secret of why subliminal recordings are so effective is simple: the positive messages on the tape directly access the subconscious mind. Other widely used self-improvement techniques work only on a conscious level. Unlike those methods, subliminal recordings permit you to work directly with that portion of your mind which actually maintains ongoing control of your life. You must effect change at a subconscious level if you want to make lasting improvements in your life.

Another reason subliminal programs and CD?s are so effective is that they permit positive messages to reach the subconscious without interference or modification from the conscious mind. This is important because often your conscious mind will question or reject certain statements that it knows are not presently true. For example, if you are using positive affirmations such as, ?I am successful,? yet you know that success is not presently a part of your life, your conscious mind can negate the positive effect of the statement by rejecting it. Because subliminal messages bypass the conscious mind, the conscious mind cannot question or reject them.

Within your subconscious mind is the raw material that will automatically from your life tomorrow. Subliminal tapes and CD?s provide you with a powerful tool to imprint on your subconscious the positive images that you select as the basis for creating the kind of life you want. The information your subconscious mind accepts through subliminal perception becomes the new mental programming that changes your life and propels you toward your goals.

A Word of Caution: Not all Subliminal Tapes & CD?s are Equal?

Subliminal stimulation has been scientifically validated as a means to bring about desired behavioral change. However, not all subliminal tapes and CD?s are equal; their effectiveness depends on tow key factors: the content of the subliminal messages and the quality of production-including the engineering and electronic mixing of the sound recordings.

Certain production methods used by some companies claiming to contain 100,000 or more subliminal affirmations are of very questionable at best. In order to produce recordings with this number of affirmations per hour, the voice track must be speeded up until it becomes an unintelligible high-pitched squeal and or/ multi-layered many, many times until there is only a garbled confusion of sounds.

While 100,000 affirmations per hour may make attractive advertising copy, there is no documented evidence that the squeal of a high ? speed sound track or the garbled confusion of many multi-layered tracks can be understood by the subconscious mind. In fact, the vast majority of scientific experiments that have been done on subliminal programs were done with surprisingly few affirmative statements. In fact, in the study referenced earlier by Dr. Parker, the students were only exposed to a very few subliminal statements at each session, and yet because the statements were carefully constructed, the results were dramatically positive.

There exists NO scientific proof that the subconscious makes meaningful responses to any input that is unintelligible. In fact, the overwhelming consensus from both professionals and the literature suggests that a subliminal verbal communication should be delivered slowly and methodically.

The importance of the content of the messages used on subliminal tapes and CD?s can?t be overemphasized. It is critical that the affirmations be positive since certain negative or aversive subliminal statements may not only decrease the effectiveness of the tape or CD, they may even be counterproductive. It is wise for anyone using subliminal programs to be aware of not only how the tapes and CD?s are made, but what messages are on them. Having a script of the exact statements on a subliminal program is invaluable. It will serve not only to inform you of the nature and content of the subliminal messages that will be programming your subconscious mind, but it can also serve as resource for conscious reinforcement.

WHO USES SUBLIMINAL PROGRAMS & CD?S

Clinics, Hospitals, & Medical Professionals?

There is a rapidly increasing professional awareness of the effectiveness of subliminal programming in the fields of medicine and behavioral therapy. An increasing number of medical professionals and clinics are using our subliminals as a powerful supplement to conventional treatment programs. Subliminals are effectively used to create a relaxed, harmonious atmosphere, to promote healing and more rapid recovery. Although subliminals are not intended to replace or substitute for expert medical advice or treatments, they are being used in addition to other therapies to help facilitate improvement.

Schools & Universities?

Educators are recognizing the value of subliminals to help students build positive self-esteem, increase concentration, improve memory, and achieve higher test scores. A number of schools and universities are using subliminals in classrooms to promote peak learning and accelerate student performance.

U.S. Government Agencies & Corporations?

Business executives, companies, governmental agencies and professional organizations are using subliminals to become more organized, increase productivity, efficiency. Creativity, and reduce stress.

Sales Organizations?

Sales organizations and sales people are using our subliminal programs to develop self-confidence, enthusiasm and motivation, to overcome procrastination and promote increased sales volume and income.

Athletes & Students Involved in Sports?

Athletes, from professionals to elementary schools students, are using subliminal programs to increase motivation, will power, speed, coordination, strength, endurance and overall performance.

Individuals for Self Improvements?

Our subliminal programs enable you to directly access your subconscious mind to create a positive self-image, increase self confidence and eliminate negative emotions.

Interpersonal relationships can be significantly improved using the subliminal programs specifically designed to promote a loving, friendly, affectionate attitude that radiates to everyone around you.

Many people use our subliminal programs to develop an enthusiastic, positive outlook on a prosperity consciousness to attract success and abundance.

You can design your own personal self-improvement program by choosing titles from the expanding selection of subliminal programs we produce. You can improved any area of your life you decide to work on. By stimulating your subconscious mind with the positive messages on the programs you select, you will be able to rid yourself of negative beliefs, thoughts and feelings that are inhibiting your enjoyment and success in life. You can discover hidden abilities, inner strengths, and a prosperous, fulfilling life you may have never dreamed possible.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS ON SUBLIMINAL PROGRAMS

Question: How do you use subliminal programs?

Answer: Subliminal mental programming is a passive process, relying on the natural ability of the subconscious mind to absorb information below the normal range of your conscious awareness. No active involvement, concentration, or relaxation is necessary for subliminal programs to work successfully.

Subliminal programs can be used anytime your like, day or night. Simply play the program in the background as you go about your daily activities. The programs do not have to be played at high volume. As long as you can hear the music or environmental sounds, your subconscious mind will pick up the subliminal suggestions in the program. They can be played as a soft, soothing background all day or night, even while listening to other music or TV. You can also soften the effect even further by adjusting the tone controls on your player.

Subliminal programs can be listened to anytime day or night while you are doing virtually any activity-relaxing, reading, studying, eating, talking on the phone, at the office, while you are exercising.

QUESTION: DO YOU SUGGEST USING MORE THAN ONE SUBLIMINAL PROGRAM AT A TIME?

ANSWER: The effectiveness of our subliminal programs can be compounded by using a compatible assortment of titles. However, in order to avoid overloading yourself, we recommend not working on more than 2 or 3 behavioral changes at a time. Programs not having to do with addictions or major life changes can be used together very effectively and will often work together to positively reinforce one another.

QUESTION: HOW OFTEN SHOULD I LISTEN TO THE SUBLIMINAL PROGRAMS?

ANSWER: You can?t really overdo listening to positive programs. The more often you listen, the faster you will begin to see results. It is recommended that you play your subliminal programs at least once a day and more often if possible. If you want to strengthen the effect of the programs and get results more quickly, listen to them several times each day and night.

QUESTION: HOW SOON CAN I EXPECT RESULTS FROM USING THE SUBLIMINAL PROGRAMS?

ANSWER: For many people there are immediate, observable, and in some cases, dramatic results after listening to our subliminal programs only a few times. However, because each person is unique, results will vary from person to person. Remember, it has taken years to create the life you have today. The results of listening to subliminal messages are cumulative, so the desired changes will occur provided sufficient repetitions and time are allowed for all levels of your consciousness to absorb the new positive programming. Almost everybody will be able to see positive improvement in 60 days or less.

QUESTION: ONCE I HAVE ACHIEVED RESULTS, DO I NEED TO CONTINUE LISTENING TO THE SUBLIMINAL PROGRAM?

ANSWER: If you are using a subliminal program to help you reach a specific goal, such as losing twenty pounds or quitting smoking, once you have achieved the goal, you may have no need to continue using the tape. However, many people find it helpful to continue playing the subliminal programs from time to time for positive reinforcement. If you feel a desire to return to an old habit such as smoking or eating foods that cause you to gain weight, we suggest you use the subliminal programs again regularly until the desire passes. You may wish to use some of our subliminal programs on an ongoing basis whenever you feel the need. This applies particularly to such titles as Stress Reduction, Start the Day Great, Stop Procrastination, and our many spiritual titles. The main principle is to use the programs as long as or as often as you feel you want or need their benefits.

Subliminal programs provide you with an effective and pleasant way to bring about lasting personal change. We combine the most advanced electronic technology with the latest scientific knowledge of how the mind works and how behaviors are determined to provide you with state-of-the-art subliminal programming. Many thousands have found that using our subliminal programs helped them improve their lives and achieve positive results that seem almost miraculous!

References

Becker, H. C., ?Subliminal Communication Advances in Audiovisual Engineering Applications for Behavior Therapy and Education.? Proceedings of the 1978 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Region 3 Conference.

Becker, H. C., ?Subliminal Communication and Hypnosis,? Presentation to the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis, 25th Annual Scientific Meeting, Denver, Colorado, October 24-30, 1976.

Becker, H. C., & McDonagh, E.W., ?Subliminal Communication (Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation) in Rehabilitative and Preventive Medicine,? Proceedings of the 1978 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Region 3 Conference. April 10-12, 1978, Atlanta.

Bower, Bruce. ?Subliminal Messages: Changes for the Better?? Science News, Vol. 129, March 8, 1986

Budzynski, Thomas. ?Tuning in on the Twilight Zone,? Psychology Today., Vol. 11, August 1977, pp. 38-44.

Dixon, N. F., ?Preconscious Processing,? New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1981.

Dixon, N. F., ?Subliminal Perception: The Nature of a Controversy.? London: McGraw Hill, 1971.

Maxwell, Neil, ?Words Whispered to Subconscious Supposedly Deter Thefts, Fainting.? Wall Street Journal, November 25, 1980.

Parker, Kenneth A., ?Effects of Subliminal Symbolic Stimulation on Academic Performance.? Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol. 29 (1), 1982.

Silverman, L. H., Martin, A., Ungaro, R., & Mendelsohn, E., ?Effect of Subliminal Stimulation of Symbiotic Fantasies on Behavior Modification Treatment of Obesity.? Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology, pp. 46, 432-441, 1978.

?Subliminal Communication Technology,? Hearing before the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, Second Session, No. 105, August 6, 198

Jonathan Parker is the founder and director of Quantum Quests International. For over 30 years he has been a counselor, workshop facilitator and author of one of the largest self-development libraries in the world. It is his voice you will hear on all the programs we offer.

Jonathan has university degrees in Education, Chemistry, Theology, Counseling Psychology, and Human Behavior & Development, but his life-long relentless quest for unraveling the many questions and mysteries of life also led him on a broad journey into comparative religion, quantum physics, clinical psychology, Huna, Theosophy, botany, astronomy, Sufism, nutrition, music, hypnosis, psychic phenomena, NLP, energy medicine, meditation, and metaphysics.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Jonathan_Parker,_Ph.D.
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Tuesday, May 29, 2012

Tony Blair says he ducked fight with UK media

British police officers escort an man to a waiting police van after he heckled former British Prime Minister Tony Blair poses as he was giving evidence at the Leveson media inquiry at the Royal Courts of Justice in central London, Monday, May 28, 2012. The Leveson inquiry is Britain's media ethics probe that was set up in the wake of the scandal over phone hacking at Rupert Murdoch's News of the World, which was shut in July 2011 after it became clear that the tabloid had systematically broken the law. (AP Photo/Alastair Grant)

British police officers escort an man to a waiting police van after he heckled former British Prime Minister Tony Blair poses as he was giving evidence at the Leveson media inquiry at the Royal Courts of Justice in central London, Monday, May 28, 2012. The Leveson inquiry is Britain's media ethics probe that was set up in the wake of the scandal over phone hacking at Rupert Murdoch's News of the World, which was shut in July 2011 after it became clear that the tabloid had systematically broken the law. (AP Photo/Alastair Grant)

Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair leaves his house in central London, Monday, May 28, 2012. Blair will later appear at the UK media ethics inquiry examining whether politicians and press barons traded favors in the run-up to the phone hacking scandal that brought down Rupert Murdoch's News of the World. (AP Photo/Sang Tan)

In this image from video, former British Prime Minister between 1997 and 2007 Tony Blair is grilled on his relationship with the press and Rupert Murdoch at an inquiry into media ethics in central London Monday May 28 2012. Several senior politicians have appeared at the investigation set up last year in the wake of a phone hacking scandal when it emerged that reporters at the Murdoch-owned News of the World tabloid had routinely hacked into the phones of public figures. Blair is godfather to one of the powerful News Corp. chairman and CEO's children. (AP Photo/ pool)

RETRANSMISSION FOR ALTERNATIVE CROP In this image from video, Britain's former Prime Minister Tony Blair, left, looks on Monday May 28 2012 , as a protester, top centre in white shirt, is restrained by officials after he burst in through a secure corridor behind inquiry leader Lord Justice Brian Leveson, centre rear, shouting: "This man should be arrested for war crimes!" before being removed by security. Blair testified to the Leveson inquiry into media ethics Monday he never challenged the influential British press because doing so would have plunged his administration in a drawn-out and politically damaging fight. (AP Photo/ Pool)

British police officers escort a man to a waiting police van after he heckled former British Prime Minister Tony Blair as he was giving evidence at the Leveson media inquiry at the Royal Courts of Justice in central London, Monday, May 28, 2012. The Leveson inquiry is Britain's media ethics probe that was set up in the wake of the scandal over phone hacking at Rupert Murdoch's News of the World, which was shut in July 2011 after it became clear that the tabloid had systematically broken the law. (AP Photo/Alastair Grant)

(AP) ? Former Prime Minister Tony Blair said Monday that he couldn't stand up to the Britain's media tycoons while in power, telling an official media ethics inquiry that doing so could have dragged his administration into a political quagmire.

Blair's testimony, briefly interrupted by a heckler who burst into the courtroom to call him a war criminal, shed light on the canny media strategy used to create the "New Labour" image that repackaged his party as more mainstream and business friendly, bringing it back to power after 18 years in opposition.

Blair, who was premier from 1997 to 2007, enjoyed strong press support in his early years, including backing from media mogul Rupert Murdoch's influential newspapers. But he found himself isolated near the end of his decade in power due in large part to his unpopular decision to join the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq.

The greying ex-prime minister said he long had concerns about what he once described as the "feral beasts" of the media but had to tread carefully where press barons were concerned.

"I took a strategic decision to manage these people, not confront them," he told Lord Justice Brian Leveson, who is leading the inquiry. "I didn't say that I feared them ... (but) had you decided to confront them, everything would have been pushed to the side. It would have been a huge battle with no guarantee of winning."

Leveson's inquiry was set up following revelations of phone hacking at Murdoch's News of the World tabloid, a scandal which has rocked the British establishment and raised questions about whether top politicians helped shield Murdoch ? and the media in general ? from official scrutiny.

Blair's time at the top has come under particular scrutiny because of the unlikely ? and mutually beneficial ? alliance the media-savvy prime minister forged between his left-wing Labour Party and Murdoch's News Corp. ? a company whose holdings include the populist The Sun newspaper and the right-wing Fox News network.

Blair became so friendly with Murdoch that he was chosen to be the godfather to one of Murdoch's children. The Blair government's relationship with Murdoch has since been described by several former colleagues as having been too close for comfort.

The former prime minister made no apologies for courting Murdoch, saying he was just one of several media tycoons who could make life difficult if they weren't happy with a position he was taking.

He denied doing any kind of deal with Murdoch, "either express or implied" ? although he acknowledged calling the Australian-American tycoon ahead of elections to make sure that Labour could count on News Corp.'s support.

Blair's testimony was interrupted when a heckler burst in through a secure corridor behind Leveson, shouting: "This man should be arrested for war crimes!" before being removed by security. British media reported that the heckler, who identified himself as filmmaker David Lawley Wakelin, had previously heckled Blair over the 2003 invasion of Iraq at a televised question and answer session.

Such incidents ? a testament to the divisiveness of Blair's decision to go to war in Iraq ? are routine. Last week, a handful of protesters yelling out "warmonger" interrupted his speech at Colby College in Maine.

Blair, wearing a navy suit and sporting a tan, watched impassively. Leveson, looking ruffled, said he would investigate how the man managed to sneak in to the restricted area.

Wakelin ? who was released without charge ? later told London radio that he took advantage of an unguarded door in the maze-like Royal Courts of Justice, where the inquiry is being held.

Blair spent a considerable amount of time challenging the reputation his lieutenants built up for bullying, manipulation, and "spin" in his decade in office.

Still, he acknowledged that politics and media had become "far more rude and brutal ? and in a sense crude ? in its interaction."

Blair's appearance kicked off an important week at the judge-led inquiry. Current ministers, including Culture Secretary Jeremy Hunt, Education Minister Michael Gove and Home Secretary Theresa May, are due to testify in the coming days.

Prime Minister David Cameron is also expected to testify before Leveson, whose inquiry was set up last year after it emerged that reporters at the Murdoch-owned News of the World tabloid had routinely hacked into the phones of public figure and crime victims.

The scandal has rocked Britain's establishment, leading to the arrest or resignation of dozens of journalists, media executives, political operatives and police, prison and military officials. It's also exposed a pattern of wrongdoing across the British press, from bribery to blackmail.

The investigation continues: As Blair was testifying, police said they'd arrested a 42-year-old woman who was not identified on suspicion of money laundering offenses linked to the hacking scandal. She was later released on bail.

Associated Press

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Russian FM: Both Syrian sides to blame for deaths

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, right, welcomes his British counterpart William Hague during their meeting in Moscow, Russia, Monday, May 28, 2012 , expected to focus on the Syria crisis. (AP Photo/Misha Japaridze)

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, right, welcomes his British counterpart William Hague during their meeting in Moscow, Russia, Monday, May 28, 2012 , expected to focus on the Syria crisis. (AP Photo/Misha Japaridze)

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, right, welcomes his British counterpart William Hague during their meeting in Moscow, Russia, Monday, May 28, 2012 , expected to focus on the Syria crisis. (AP Photo/Misha Japaridze)

Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, left, and his British counterpart William Hague walk to a press conference after their meeting in Moscow, Russia, Monday, May 28, 2012. (AP Photo/Misha Japaridze)

(AP) ? Russia further backed away from its support of Syrian President Bashar Assad on Monday, saying his government bears the main responsibility for the violence in the country and calling for a full investigation into its role in the deaths of more than 100 civilians in Houla.

"Both sides have obviously had a hand in the deaths of innocent people, including several dozen women and children. This area is controlled by the rebels, but it is also surrounded by government troops," Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said after talks in Moscow with visiting British Foreign Secretary William Hague.

Lavrov spoke a day after Russia agreed to join the rest of the U.N. Security Council in blaming the Syrian government for attacking residential areas in Houla, a collection of villages near the central city of Homs. The council, however, avoided saying who was responsible for the massacre of at least 108 men, women and children.

Lavrov said there was no doubt that government forces had used artillery and tanks to shell Houla, but he noted that many of the dead appeared to have been shot at close range or tortured.

"The guilt has to be determined objectively," he said. "No one is saying that the government is not guilty, and no one is saying that the armed militants are not guilty."

In some of Russia's harshest criticism of Assad to date, Lavrov said his government "bears the main responsibility for what is going on" because it is failing to provide for the security of Syrian citizens. He hedged the criticism by claiming that Syria's government is facing an increased threat from terrorists, whose bombings have the "clear signature of al-Qaida."

Alexei Malashenko, a Middle East expert with the Carnegie Moscow Center, said Russia can no longer defend Assad's government and may be warning him that he needs to change his approach.

"Bashar Assad is driving himself and Russia into a corner," Malashenko said. "If this goes on, Russia will have no other option" but to pull its support. "Bashar has definitely gotten the sense that he may lose Russia's sympathy and he may step back a bit."

Lavrov and Hague both called for greater efforts to implement a peace plan put forward by special envoy Kofi Annan, who arrived in Damascus on Monday for talks with Assad and other senior Syrian officials. Annan's six-point plan calls on both sides to respect a cease-fire.

"It's right, as Sergey Lavrov has just done, to call on all parties to cease violence, and we are not arguing that all violence in Syria is the responsibility of the Assad regime, although it has the primary responsibility for such violence," Hague said.

Lavrov added that "we don't support the Syrian government, we support Kofi Annan's plan."

The Russian envoy called for everyone in the international community to exert more pressure on both sides to implement Annan's plan, saying it was not clear from talks with opposition members that they were getting the message that the plan had full international support. He said talk about the need for Assad to step down cast doubt on the West's commitment to the Annan plan and encouraged the opposition to keep up the fight.

Hague, however, confirmed that Britain still believes Assad should stand aside.

"But the important thing is that the Annan plan is pursued in whatever way it can be pursued," he said. "The alternatives are the Annan plan or ever-increasing chaos in Syria, and a descent closer and closer to all-out civil war and collapse."

China on Monday also condemned the killings of civilians in Houla and called for an end to the violence, but gave no indication it was rethinking its strategy toward the fighting in Syria.

Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Liu Weimin said that Beijing fully supports Annan's mediation efforts and the UN monitors.

The protests against Assad began in March 2011 and turned into an uprising after his government responded with a violent crackdown on dissent. The U.N. estimated that at least 9,000 people were killed in the first year of the conflict, but hundreds more have been killed since then.

___

Vladimir Isachenkov in Moscow and Zhao Liang in Beijing contributed to this report.

Associated Press

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Tuesday, May 22, 2012

Gold Bullion Coins-Facts on the Three American Gold Coins | Gold ...

Article by Gerald McCabe

There are a lot of uncertainties that has been happening in the economy and one way for you to be secured from all of these is taking part in gold investment. There are other types of investment in the market but if you want to take part in a not so risky investment then you should try investing in gold. The human rice has well-liked this detail about gold investment. Gold investment can be done through investing gold items like gold coins. One of the coins that is being used here is gold bullion coins.

Gold bullion coins is one of the most extraordinary coins in the world. These types of coins cannot be bought instantly by anyone. The bond or connection of the gold companies and the investors are specially built with the creation of these coins.

The weight, content, and the purity of gold is always ensured by the Federal Government of the United States. Gold bullion coins may range from 22 to 24 gold karats. The malleability of gold makes it very sensitive and susceptible to alterations in its form. To strengthen the gold bullion coins, two precious metals are added and these are silver and copper.

Other countries also have their own unique gold bullion coins that are made in different quantities. These come in velvet cases and have the official recognition of its authenticity. Are you aware on the meaning of the word ?bullion?? Basically it just means weight in gold and the content of it.

The American gold coins have three types and these gold bullion coins in the United States are:

? Gold American Eagle. The design if this coin includes the nest of the American Bald Eagle while on the other side is the Lady Liberty. Even though these gold coins still roams the streets of the United States, it is now protected by the Federal Law. And, even though its price changes daily, it can be converted to cash without any hassle.

? American Buffalo. This gold coin is engraved with an Indian chief and was presented in 2006. Since it is crafted with 24 karat gold, it is considered to be sensitive. Collectors as well as investors have desired to have this gold bullion coin because it makes a good profit.

? American Double Eagle. This is considered to be the most important coin in our world although it is very controversial. Augustus Saint-Gaudens specifically designed this coin. On the front, the coin features Lady Liberty together with a torch and an olive branch which symbolizes wisdom and peace. On the back is an engraved bald eagle which is on its way to flight and the motto ?In God We Trust?. When the financial crisis has reached its peak the coins were confiscated to prevent any hoarding in gold currency. Its existence is not however present anymore other than the recovered ones in Philadelphia in the year 2003.

All around the world, gold bullion coins are recognized by many people. Your investments will become versatile by adding the gold coins. Without too much trouble in transacting the gold to different people in the world, you will get a done deal. Compared to gold bars, gold coins will not take long to get sold.

In order to avoid some risks when transacting, you should carefully assess the individuals or companies you are dealing with. Including gold coins such as gold bullion coins is another way to improve your financial status. Whatever happens to our economy, you can expect that the value of gold will increase. There are also other kinds of precious metals you can invest in such as silver. Both gold and silver are the best way to increase you income.

About the Author

Gold Bullion Coins are very unique. These kinds of coins can?t be bought right away by anyone. To learn about Gold Bullion Coins visit our website.

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